Article discusses the relationship between demographic processes (aging of society) and state policy, in particular by analyzing how the state (as legal-political system) influences on the demographic situation, and this in turn has an impact on political decisions. The authors attempt to answer the question why and how population dynamics is the subject of state policy, and therefore subject to the process of politicization. This article attempts to answer the questions in theoretical terms, referring to concepts and ideas developed in the political science. The article consists of four parts. The first touches the topic of demographic processes as a matter of state policy, the second presents the assumptions and the process of politicization at the example of an aging population, the third discusses the mutual relationship between demographic processes and state policy, and the last part describes the possible policy responses to population decline and aging.